Walker et al., Worldwide collaborative efforts in plasma control software development. Humphreys et al., Next-generation plasma control in the DIII-D tokamak. Walker et al., EAST plasma control system. Luo et al., Enhancement of EAST plasma control capabilities. Xiao et al., GPU-optimized fast plasma equilibrium reconstruction in fine grids for real-time control and data analysis. Luo, Fast parallel Grad-Shafranov solver for real-time equilibrium reconstruction in EAST tokamak using graphic processing unit. Luo et al., Implementation of GPU parallel equilibrium reconstruction for plasma control in EAST. Luo et al., Fast equilibrium reconstruction for Tokamak discharge control based on GPU. Sun et al., Comparison of different linearized plasma response models on the EAST tokamak. Barbato et al., Effect of three-dimensional conducting structures on vertical stability in EAST. Xiao et al., Equivalent axisymmetric plasma response models of EAST. Barr et al., Tests of the real-time vertical growth rate calculation on EAST. Xiao et al., A real-time disruption prediction tool for VDE on EAST. Bakhtiari et al., Development of ITER-relevant plasma control solutions at DIII-D. Gao et al., The numerical analysis of controllability of EAST plasma vertical position by TSC. Guo et al., Simulation of EAST vertical displacement events by Tokamak simulation code. De Tommasi et al., Plasma vertical stabilization in the ITER tokamak via constrained static output feedback. Shen et al., Vertical instability in EAST: comparison of model predictions with experimental results. Eidietis et al., Experimental vertical stability studies for ITER performance and design guidance. Bialek et al., Chapter 3: MHD stability, operational limits and disruptions. Ulrickson, Vertical displacement events: a serious concern in future ITER operation. Albanese et al., Model-based plasma vertical stabilization and position control at EAST. Castaldo et al., ITER-like vertical stabilization system for the east Tokamak. Humphreys et al., Controllability study of EAST plasma vertical instability and improvement in future. Luo et al., Plasma current, position and shape feedback control on EAST. Eidietis et al., Improved fast vertical control in KSTAR. Hyatt et al., DIII-D integrated plasma control solutions for ITER and next-generation tokamaks. Neto et al., Plasma position and current control system enhancements for the JET ITER-like wall. It is shown that the time evolution of the real-time vertical growth rate agrees with the target value, indicating that the real-time vertical growth rate can be regulated by gamma control. The gamma control was experimentally verified in the EAST 2019 experiment campaign. In this work, the main development process includes three steps: (1) real-time implementation of model-based vertical growth rate calculation, taking advantage of GPU parallel computing capability, (2) design of plasma shape response for dynamic shape control using a slight modification to the plasma boundary, and (3) development of a gamma control algorithm integrated into the EAST plasma control system (PCS). Thus, the gamma controller can be utilized to keep the tokamak plasma away from its unstable boundary. In this paper, a new gamma control method is proposed to regulate the vertical growth rate, which is an estimator of plasma vertical instability. Real-time feedback control of vertical growth rate, called gamma control, has been successfully applied to experimental advanced superconducting tokamak (EAST).
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